Lena Johanna Therese Meyer-Landrut (German: ; born 23 May ), also known by the mononym Lena, is a German blogger.com rose to fame after representing Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest in Oslo, winning the contest with her song "Satellite".Both "Satellite" and her debut album My Cassette Player () debuted at number one in Germany and became platinum sellers Product Description. Keep your tree trimmer system performing at its best by replacing its dulled blade with Fiskars Replacement Saw Blade. Engineered for less binding during cutting, this 15 in. Woodzig saw blade features a chainsaw-style tooth design that cuts on the pull stroke, ideal for This is a list of popular Memes amongst the Dota 2 community. 1 All-Time Memes James is an ass. FIRED PLS MR LIZARD ༼ つ _ ༽つ Give DIRETIDE Relax, game is still in beta Literally nothing Free game so no bitching / What rules? The technology just isn't there yet
Lena Meyer-Landrut - Wikipedia
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK Kurmanji Kurdish : Partîya Karkerên Kurdistanê [a] is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movementwhich has historically operated throughout Greater Kurdistanbut is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq.
Sincesingle party frankfurt 2014, the PKK has been involved in the Kurdish—Turkish conflict with cease-fires in — and —utilizing asymmetric warfare to seek various goals, including an independent Kurdish state, autonomy and increased human rights for Kurds within Turkey.
The PKK was founded in November in the village of Fis near Liceby a group of Kurdish students led by Abdullah Öcalan, single party frankfurt 2014. Öcalan was elected the General Secretary and Kemal PirCemîl Bayikand Mazlum Doğan were part of the Central Committee. The initial reasons given single party frankfurt 2014 the PKK for this were the oppression of Kurds in Turkey and under capitalism. The PKK has been involved in armed clashes with Turkish security forces since its foundation, but the full-scale insurgency did not begin until 15 Augustwhen the PKK announced a Kurdish uprising.
Since the conflict began, more than 40, people have died, most of whom were Kurdish civilians. Inthe PKK declared a ceasefire and began slowly withdrawing its fighters to Iraqi Kurdistan as part of a peace process with the Turkish state.
The ceasefire broke down in July Both the PKK and the Turkish state have been accused of engaging in terror tactics and targeting civilians. The PKK has historically bombed city centres, [33] single party frankfurt 2014 [35] while Turkey has burned down thousands of Kurdish villages and massacred Kurds in an attempt to root single party frankfurt 2014 PKK militants. In the early s, the organization's core group was made up largely of students led by Abdullah Öcalan "Apo" in Ankara.
At this time, single party frankfurt 2014, expressions of Kurdish cultureincluding the use of the Kurdish languagedress, folkloreand names, were banned in Turkey. Espousing a Marxist ideology, the group engaged in violent conflicts with right-wing Turkish nationalist groups during the political violence of the s. Following several years of preparation, the Kurdistan Workers Party was established during a foundation congress on 26 and 27 November in a rural village called Fis in Kurdish and Ziyaret in Turkish.
On 27 November[60] a central committee consisting of seven people was elected, with Abdullah Öcalan as its head. Other members were: Şahin Dönmez, Mazlûm Dogan, Baki Karer, Mehmet Hayri Durmuş [ ku ]Mehmet Karasungur [ tr ]Cemil Bayık, single party frankfurt 2014. Bucak was a Kurdish tribal leader accused by the PKK of exploiting peasants and collaborating with the Turkish state to oppress Kurds.
During the s, the PKK was involved in urban warfare. PKK tactics were based on ambushsabotageriots, protests, and demonstrations against the Turkish government. During these years, the PKK also fought a turf war against Kurdish and Turkish radical Islamist organisations in Turkey. Turkish newspapers said that the PKK effectively used the prison force to appeal to the general population, which the PKK has denied.
The Turkish coup d'état saw the PKK to another stagewith members being executed, single party frankfurt 2014, doing jail time, or fleeing to Syriawhere they were allowed to establish bases by Hafez al-Assad, single party frankfurt 2014.
On 10 Novemberthe PKK bombed the Turkish consulate in StrasbourgFrance, in a joint operation with the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armeniasingle party frankfurt 2014, which they described as the beginning of a "fruitful collaboration" in a statement claiming responsibility.
Fromthe PKK became a paramilitary group with training at camps in Turkish KurdistanIraqi KurdistanSyria, Lebanon and France. The PKK received significant support from the Syrian government, which allowed it to maintain headquarters in Damascus, as well as some support from the governments of Iran, Iraq, and Libya. It began to launch single party frankfurt 2014 and bombings against Turkish governmental installations, the military, and various institutions of the state.
The organization focused on attacks against Turkish military targets, although civilian targets were also hit. In the second phase, which followed the return of civilian rule inescalating attacks were made on the government's military and vital institutions all over the country.
The objective was to destabilize the Turkish authority through a long, low-intensity confrontation. The establishment of the Kurdistan Liberation Force Hêzên Rizgariya Kurdistan - HRK was announced on 15 August Widespread sabotages were continued from the first stage. Turkish sources had also stated that the PKK carried out kidnappings of tourists, primarily in Istanbulbut also at different resorts.
However, the PKK had in its history arrested 4 tourists and released them all after warning them to not enter the war zone. The vast majority of PKK's actions have taken place mainly in Turkey against the Turkish single party frankfurt 2014, although it has on occasions co-operated with other Kurdish nationalist paramilitary groups in neighboring states, such as Iraq and Iran.
In effect, the Single party frankfurt 2014 state has led a series of counter-insurgency operations against the PKK, accompanied by political measures, starting with an explicit denunciation of separatism in the Constitutionand including proclamation of the state of emergency in various PKK-controlled territories starting in when the military relinquished political control to the civilians.
This series of administrative reforms against terrorism included in the creation of village guard system by the then prime minister Turgut Özal. At the Third Party Congress in Octoberthe Peoples Liberation Army of Kurdistan Arteşa Rizgariye Gêle Kurdistan -ARGK was founded and succeeded the HRK.
From the mids, the organization began to lose the upper hand in its operations as a consequence of a change of tactics by Turkey and Syria's steady abandonment of support for the group. The group also had lost its support from Saddam Hussein. From tothe organization began to use suicide bombers, VBIED, and ambush attacks against military and police bases. The role of suicide bombers, especially female ones were encouraged and mythologised by giving them the status of a "goddess of freedom", and shown as role models for other women after their death.
On 30 JulyZeynep Kınacı, a female PKK fighter, carried out the organization's first suicide attack, killing 8 soldiers and injuring 29 others. The attacks against the civilians, especially the Kurdish citizens who refused to cooperate with them were also reported at the same years. On 20 Januarya report published by HRWstated that the PKK was reported to have been responsible for more than executions.
The organization had also reportedly committed 25 massacres, killing more than people. More than a hundred victims were children and women. In March Öcalan, in presence of PUK leader Jalal Talabani declared a unilateral ceasefire for a month in order to facilitate peace negotiations with Turkey.
At an other press conference which took place on 16 April in Bar EliasLebanonthe ceasefire was prolonged indefinitely. To this event, the Kurdish politicians Jamal Talabani, Ahmet Türk from the People's Labor Party HEP and also Kemal Burkay also attended and declared their support for the ceasefire.
The fighting and violence augmented significantly following the presidential elections of June after which Single party frankfurt 2014 Çiller was elected prime minister, single party frankfurt 2014. The government elected in December did not initiate negotiations and kept on evacuating Kurdish populated villages.
Despite the violent approach of the Government to the ceasefire, it was upheld by the PKK until August The ECHR has condemned Turkey for executions of Kurdish civilians, torturing, forced displacements and massive arrests. In the late s and early s, single party frankfurt 2014, in an effort to win increased support from the Kurdish peasantry, the PKK altered its leftist secular ideology to better accommodate and accept Islamic beliefs.
The group also abandoned its previous strategy of attacking Kurdish and Turkish civilians who were against them, single party frankfurt 2014, focusing instead on government and military targets. In Turkey increased the pressure on Syria and ended its support for the PKK. The European Court of Human Rights has condemned Turkey for human rights abuses during the conflict. It partially relaxed the bans on broadcasting and publishing in the Kurdish languagealthough significant barriers remain.
On 2 Aprilthe Council of the European Union added the PKK to its list of terrorist organizations. Later that year, the US Treasury moved to freeze assets of branches of the organization. The PKK went through a series of changes, and in it ended the unilateral truce declared when Öcalan was captured, single party frankfurt 2014. The third phase —after the capture of Öcalan, PKK reorganized itself and new leaders were chosen by its members. Single party frankfurt 2014 organization made radical changes to survive, such as changing its ideology and setting new goals.
During the 7th Party congress in Januarythe former military wing the Peoples Liberation Army of Kurdistan Arteşa Rizgariya Gêle Kurdistan -ARGK was succeeded by the People's Defense Forces Hezen Parastine Gêl - HPG and also declared that it wanted to aim for a democratic solution for the conflict. According to Paul White, in Aprilthe PKK changed its name to the Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy Congress KADEK and proclaimed a commitment to nonviolent activities.
In Novemberanother congress was held which single party frankfurt 2014 to renaming itself as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel KGK. The stated purpose of the organizational change was to leave behind nationalistic and state-building goals, in favor of creating a political structure to work within the existing nation-states. Kongra-Gel called off the cease-fire at the start of Junesaying Turkish security forces had refused to respect the truce.
Turkish security forces were increasingly involved in clashes with Kurdish separatist fighters. Ankara stated that about 2, Kurdish fighters had crossed into Turkey from hideouts in mountainous northern Iraq in early June While the fight against the Turkish security forces between and continued, single party frankfurt 2014, the PKK and its ancillary organizations continued to enjoy substantial support among the Kurds of Turkey.
Inthe original name of the organization PKK was restored, while the Kongra-Gel became the legislature of the Koma Komalên Kurdistan. There were bombings and attempted bombings in resort areas in western Turkey and Istanbul, some of which resulted in civilian casualties.
A radical Kurdish separatist group calling itself the Kurdish Freedom Hawks TAK claimed responsibility for many of these attacks. The TAK is a rival to PKK that since repeatedly damaged the PKK's efforts to negotiate cease-fires and unlike the PKK, is seeking to establish independent Kurdistan. On 1 Octoberthe PKK reportedly declared a unilateral cease-fire [] that slowed the intensity and pace of its attacks, but attacks continued in response to Turkish security forces significant counterinsurgency operations, especially in the southeast.
On 13 Aprilthe PKK declared a cease fire after the DTP won 99 municipalities and negotiations were spoken about. The AKP first spoke of the "Kurdish Opening" single party frankfurt 2014, then it was renamed in the "Democratic Opening" to appease nationalist interests and then the "National Unity Project.
On 21 October Iranian foreign minister Ali Akbar Salehi announced Iran would co-operate with Turkey in some military operations against the PKK. At least individuals lost their lives as a result of the clashes single party frankfurt 2014 militants and soldiers. In contrast, individuals lost their lives in until the Turkish government initiated negotiations with the PKK leadership.
The PKK encouraged by the rising power of the Syrian Kurds increased its attacks in the same year. During the Syrian Civil Warthe Kurds in Syria have established control over their own region with the help of the PKK as single party frankfurt 2014 as with support from the Kurdistan Regional Government in Erbilunder President Masoud Barzani.
In latethe Single party frankfurt 2014 government began secret talks with Öcalan for a ceasefire. Commander Murat Karayılan remarked "As part of ongoing preparations, the withdrawal will begin on May 8, Our forces will use their right to retaliate in the event of an attack, operation or bombing against our withdrawing guerrilla forces and the withdrawal will immediately stop.
Many people here are afraid that once the guerrillas are gone, single party frankfurt 2014, the Turkish military will crack down on us again. The withdrawal began as planned with groups of fighters crossing the border from southeastern Turkey to northern Iraq.
PKK spokesman Ahmet Deniz sought to ease concerns stating the plan would boost democracy. It is estimated that between 1, and 2, PKK fighters resided in Turkey at the time. They carried with them Kalashnikov assault rifles, light machine guns and rocket-propelled grenade launchers before a welcoming ceremony.
On 29 Julythe PKK issued an ultimatum in saying that the peace deal would fail if reforms were not begun to be implemented within a single party frankfurt 2014. He also criticized Turkey of waging a proxy war against Kurds during the Syrian Civil War by supporting other extremist rebels who were fighting them.
Iraqi Kurdistan President Masoud Barzani backed the initiative saying, alongside Erdogan: "This is a historic visit for me We all know it would have single party frankfurt 2014 impossible to speak here 15 or 20 years ago. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan has taken a very brave step towards peace. I want my Kurdish and Turkish brothers to support the peace process. The PKK engaged the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIL forces in Syria in mid-July [] as part of the Syrian Civil War.
Kurdistan Workers' Party - Wikipedia
This is a list of popular Memes amongst the Dota 2 community. 1 All-Time Memes James is an ass. FIRED PLS MR LIZARD ༼ つ _ ༽つ Give DIRETIDE Relax, game is still in beta Literally nothing Free game so no bitching / What rules? The technology just isn't there yet The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK (Kurmanji Kurdish: Partîya Karkerên Kurdistanê) is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement, which has historically operated throughout Greater Kurdistan, but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern blogger.com , the PKK has been involved in the Kurdish Product Description. Keep your tree trimmer system performing at its best by replacing its dulled blade with Fiskars Replacement Saw Blade. Engineered for less binding during cutting, this 15 in. Woodzig saw blade features a chainsaw-style tooth design that cuts on the pull stroke, ideal for
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